No more phones in your dormitory

February 12th, 2005

The Washington Post has an article on universities debating whether to ‘pull the plug’ on landlines (i.e., traditional phones) in their dormitories. Apparently so many students have cell phones that they rarely use the landlines. Historically, universities have used surcharges on the phone calls to finance the landlines (and more, because the article says that the phone service used to be a “cash cow”). Now they’re sinking lots of money into a service that the students seldom use.

To cover students, such as international students, who do not own cellphones the universities are thinking of loaning them cellphones. But wait. It doesn’t stop there.

[Washington, DC’s] American University already feels unplugged. The campus is wireless, so students can type e-mails and study on laptops from couches, the steps of the library and benches outside. Snatches of one-sided conversations drift by as students walk to class talking on their cells. Next fall, the university will provide business school students the latest BlackBerry devices.

Another interesting tidbit from the article is how youth have socially reconstructed the purpose of the phone call. Explains one such student:

“It used to be you’d call someone because you had a reason to call,” said Ian Johnson, 28, a graduate student at American. “Now you call because you’re bored waiting for the bus to come. . . . It’s almost a noise pollution.”

So here we have the connection to the environment. Cellphones are the new noise pollution.

For other environmental reasons, this may not be a good university policy. See Expert spells it out: health fears mean young should not use mobile phones.

Do computers “feel” strain?

February 12th, 2005

I am in the middle of scanning a few maps for my ecological restoration class. I put down a map presenting the number of thunderstoms…. in the United States and pressed scan…

Next thing I knew, I caught myself FEELING BAD for the computer! I felt sorry for having to put the computer through such great strain, by asking it to import an image via a scanner. Why did I have this feeling? Becuase the scanner window in photoshop was shaking as the lamp was moving inside the scanner. Or, at least to me it was shaking – same as a person would shake in fear, anxiety or shock. I guess what was really happening is that the window was flashing – light, dark, light, dark… I’m not sure why this is, but I’m sure it has a very logical and precise explanation.

Do we personify computers like we personify Sally the cat or George the dog? Are they any people that name their computers? I can’t count the number of times I’ve heard family members or friends say, “give the computer a rest”. I wonder if couples argue overthe decision of whether to get a pet or computer to add to their homes.

I certainly won’t grieve over the “death” of my computer when its time comes – i will be happy to replace it with a better one… I don’t know if all you cat lovers would feel the same way about your cats, and we certainly wouldn’t feel that way about a family member.

My vote is to for computers as material objects that have no emotional significance in our lives.

See is believing

February 11th, 2005

I linked to this site in the last post, but I wanted to mention it again because it’s cool:

www.seeisbelieving.ca, publishing information about new technologies that can save the world

Some examples of pages on the site:

A clickable map that shows the impacts, good and bad of cell phones

GPS mapping: Risking lives

The battle over maps and names

Collapse

February 11th, 2005

There’s a lot being written about Jared Diamond’s new book Collapse (most recently the NYTimes). Mr. Diamond is of course the author of Guns, Germs, and Steel, in which he argues that societies rose or fell dependent on their ability to cope with warfare (both the impacts of and tools for), disease and industrial development. Guns, Germs, and Steel won the Pulitzer Prize, the first Pulitzer, I believe won by a geographer.

In his new book, Diamond argues that the success of cultures/colonies can be attributed to a culture’s willingness to face the limits of its local environment (and increasingly the global environment). Now I am no big fan of structuralist and determinist arguments, that civilization hinges on what it’s been dealt, such as an icy climate or on what it’s dealt out, such as a depleted rainforest, but I am obviously sympathetic to the cause.

What struck me was a little comment in an interview he did in Salon Magazine

Interviewer: Perhaps one difference between ourselves and the Inuit is that we can rely more on technology to buffer the effects of pollution. Many people these days, for instance, use Brita filters. To what extent can we and should we count on technology to protect us?

Diamond: That’s a really key question, and one that I’ve discussed with some of the most thoughtful people in the business and financial worlds. One was Bill Gates. Bill Gates is a very thoughtful person. I was really impressed by him. Nevertheless, he said — in a diffident, self-deprecating way — “Well, I think technology will solve our environmental problems, and so I’m not so concerned about them as I am other things.” But I think that he’s wrong — I know that he’s wrong.

Let me give you an example. I was born in 1937 so I remember the revolution in refrigerators that happened in my childhood, the introduction of Freon and CFCs [chlorofluorocarbons]. The refrigerator gases that were used in my childhood were things like ammonia. Of course, if they leaked they were toxic, and therefore it was hailed as a breakthrough when these supposedly nontoxic gases, the CFCs, were introduced. They were tested and under earth conditions they appeared to be perfectly benign. What people couldn’t predict was that under stratospheric conditions CFCs get broken down into substances that destroy the ozone layer, and it took 20 years to get that well established. And I see that as a metaphor for why technology alone won’t solve our problems, namely that there are lots of technologies out there and they have unexpected side effects.

So Bill Gates figures we’ll invent and compute our way out of environmental degradation and therefore collapse. We in the West have yet to reap the unintended consequence of electronics production and waste. However, the developing world keenly feels the effects of, for example, coltan in the Congo , computer waste in China). How do we compute our way out of that? Replace the coltan with something that’s potentially as destructive? Enforce green computing initiatives but ignore the damage that’s already been done to public health? Sometimes I think we’re in the midst of a collapse but don’t know it yet.

Computer Bugs

February 11th, 2005

Zoe at the keyboard
Zoe is impeding serious work (probably has strong opinions about the spirituality of Rachel Carson).

via Prof. Lisa Sideris, jointly appointed between the Faculty of Religious Studies and the School of Environment

Distributed computing project has bad news for climate change

February 9th, 2005

A recent report in Nature covers the first findings from the distributed computing project, climateprediction.net. The report finds that global temperatures could rise by up to 11C. This is two times the amount of other studies.

The project is remarkable because it utilized distributed computing. Distributed computing spreads out the computer processing and analysis among multiple CPUs (the chips in your computer that do the number crunching). Often these chips are located in separate computers. What’s even cooler is that the distributed computer can be your home computer. Instead of using an incredibly fast computer with multiple processors or a supercomputer, you download the software to your own PC, which runs the program while your computer is idle. The application generally shows up as a nice screensaver.

Distributed computing was first used by the SETI@Home (SETI stands for the Search for Extraterrestrial Life) project, in which separate PCs sift through packets of radio-telescope data, looking for evidence of extraterrestrial communication. It has since moved on to analyzing data for pulsars and studying protein-related diseases.

An excellent synopsis of the climate change project can be found at the BBC. They report that “More than 95,000 people have registered [to download the software], from more than 150 countries; their PCs have between them run more than 60,000 simulations of future climate. Each PC runs a slightly different computer simulation examining what happens to the global climate if levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere double from pre-industrial levels – which may happen by the middle of the century. ”

Of course, the accuracy of any model is just as dependent on its underlying assumptions as its computational power. So it will be a while before we can assess the accuracy of the dramatic temperature rise predicted by the project. However, distributed computing holds great promise for climate change, especially as the models increase in complexity and are reaching the upper limit of what can be feasibly and affordably accomplished in standard computing frameworks.

(An irreverent note. To date, distributed computing has been devoted to very serious projects. However, I’m waiting for the first silly project. How about a Shakespeare project that simulates millions of monkeys? I’d download the software.)

Get an iPod for Christmas?

February 9th, 2005

As we discussed in class, one of the environmental promises from the new information economy is the emergence of virtual goods. Bill Mitchell calls it “dematerialization”. We will increasingly read e-books instead of paper books and listen to mp3s instead of buying difficult-to-decompose compact discs.

Feel great that you got an iPod and are therefore helping the planet? Check out the latest offering from the Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition: From ipod to iwaste: trash in your pocket. Why are we targetting Apple?. Maybe dematerialization isn’t the solution to environmental degradation it’s sold to be.

Feel guilty yet? (Paraphrasing Charleton Heston, “Take my iPod? When you pry it from my cold, dead hands!”)

Technology and Religion

February 9th, 2005

Our origin is a great mystery, but it may not be so mysterious soon. Research into the “God Particle” in Geneva is being undertaken, to try and recreate the same conditions that resulted just after the big bang. It is known that the creation of the world with all the steps involved, all the chemical processes and exact sequence of events, was a very rare thing to have occured. In fact the odds were against us, so it seems that there must have been someone or something behind the engineering of this sequence of events. There must be some purpose that we are here. The fact that humans have been given the capacity to produce endless amounts of bits of information, reveals that we are intelligent agents, but for what purpose? I do not know. In the human body, our DNA is made up of proteins, which are engineers in themselves, very complex machines, really. But now that we know how they work, we can change our evolution patterns. We have become engineers of life itself, and this is not something we had real direct control over hundreds or thousands of years ago, this is a new emerging science. So where do we draw the line? And now that we have cracked these DNA codes, we are trying to reverse engineer the process to find answers…is this what our engineer would have wanted? It seems that technology has become the new religion, as we put so much faith in it…

Ticking time bomb, part 2

February 9th, 2005

Madhav Badami, a professor in Urban Planning and the School of Environment at McGill, points us to an academic article on the global hazards of e-waste:

Iles, Alastair. 2004. Mapping Environmental Justice in Technology Flows: Computer Waste Impacts in Asia. Global Environmental Politics 4(4): 76 – 107 .

Abstract:
In the 21st century, technology and material flows constitute an ever-growing set of global environmental change. In particular, electronic wastes are emerging as a major transnational problem. Industrial nations are shipping millions of obsolete computers to Asia yearly; Asian countries are emerging as generators of e-waste in their own right. This article argues that an environmental justice approach can help illuminate the impacts of technology and material flows. To do so, however, environmental justice definitions and methodologies need to account for how and why such flows occur. Using the case of computers, the article analyses some factors shaping the e-waste recycling chain, shows how e-waste risks depend on design and manufacturing chains, and evaluates inequalities in the ecological and health impacts of e-wastes across Asia. It proposes a definition of environmental justice as obviating the production of risk, using a framework that brings together the global production system, development models, and regulatory action.

It’s an interesting read because environmental justice is rarely conceived of as an international phenomenom. And, with the exception of the Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition, environmental justice rarely considers hi-tech.

Is Climate Change Awareness an Innovation?

February 7th, 2005

After our class discussion about ignorance of people about climate change and passionate wake up call from Jennifer in the Blog :), I wanted to bring up an interesting analogy that I think there is between convincing the village people that boiling their water is good in the article “Diffusion of Innovation” vs convincing people (mostly westerners) that something is going wrong with earth and that stopping polluting is good.

Just has boiling water didn’t go well with the village beliefs, stopping polluting/consuming doesn’t seem to go well with western beliefs/habits of consumption/capitalism/etc… The reality is that we are brainwashed 24/7 that we have to buy more and more stuff… disposable goods, fashion, marketing & more marketing all good incitatives to make us consume more & more (this is just a few examples).

We can continue the analogy with the scientist trying to convince the people of the village by explaining them
the scientific reasons to boil the water vs the environmentalists trying to explain the scientific reasons to stop polluting. A very little percentage of the population actually understand anything of it. It comes in one hear and goes out from the other; or it is rapidly forgotten under… just everything else. Furthermore the environmentalists themselves are marginalised… although it is less and less true they are still seen by a lot of people as tree huggers, hippies and dreamers… whatever.. the point is that most people don’t relate to them, just as nobody in the village relate to the westener scientist.

So my conclusion is that climate change awareness (and environment-friendly habits) is an Innovation that currently (and unfortunately) goes against western values. As westeners have been conquering the world and propagating their values all over the globe during the last centuries… I think that we are in big troubles. It’s going to take much more than regulations, sensibilization or a Tsunami to change the way people think.

There is already a few early adopters, but how are we going to manage to diffuse that innovation to the rest of the people? This is a hard problem and maybe quite critical, but we could (& should) probably inspire ourselves and learn from the diffusion of other innovations.

pins 1, 2, 3 and 6

February 6th, 2005

Here is another obscure item but I think you’ll like it…

In practically every modern office building and indeed in many homes, you will find hundreds if not thousands of metres of network cabling. I’m referring to the cables, slightly thicker than telephone wires, that run through walls and ceilings, are stapled under carpets, and connect computers, printers and servers to hubs, switches, and routers. They are almost always blue although sometimes the shorter ones are grey. Look around McGill and you’ll spot them; the ceiling in the basement of Burnside is a good place to look.

These days most network cabling is ushielded twisted pair (UTP) – inside that blue or grey outer sheath are a series of small copper wires twisted together, each one wrapped in its own insulation. Well before the advent of computer networking, voice communication was already requiring huge quantities of UTP cable but the modern local area network (LAN) increased the demand for this kind of cabling exponentially. It would be difficult, maybe even impossible, to estimate the amount of UTP cabling in use today. Increasingly, organizations are switching to fibre optic cables for longer distances; these cables carry thousands of times more data than their copper counterparts. And the migration to voice-over-IP technology that essentially combines voice and data on one cable is also reducing the use of UTP cabling. But the resource use by cabling of all types cannot be ignored.

Imagine all the plastic and copper needed for all that cabling and imagine what will happen to it all when eventually fibre replaces all of it. But this post is not about the basic environmental consequences of network cabling, there’s a more interesting tidbit to share…

Those blue network cables are 4-pair, which means there are 4 pairs of wire, 8 conductors total, inside each cable. At the end of the cables are RJ-45 connectors, they sort of look like oversized phone connectors. But here’s something that most people don’t know: only half of the conductors in a 4-pair UTP cable are needed. Ethernet networks, even gigabit ethernet, only use 4 wires. According to official Ethernet cabling specifications, the other 4 wires are reserved for “future use.” Now imagine all that cabling all over the world, half of all the wires inside those cables are unused, completely wasted. You could create a perfectly functioning network cable with 2 pairs instead of 4. In fact, many of the cheaper cables you find at FutureShop or RadioShack are made this way.

Why did this happen, you might be thinking. Why would they come up with a standard that only uses half the capacity of the cable? Could it go faster if they used all the wires? All good questions and maybe ones I will answer in my paper…

Some links with cabling specs, you may have to scroll to find relevant info:
Cisco Documentation
Part of course outline at Del Mar College
Information from a cable vendor

Spam

February 6th, 2005

Our blog is getting hit with a lot of comment spam. I’ve added words to the spam file, which should catch more of the illegitimate comments. Comments with spam words get put into the moderation queue. If you do not see your comment appear immediately then it’s likely in the moderation queue, to be approved or disapproved by me. I don’t look at the queue that often so these comments make take awhile to appear (sorry, Garry, one of your comments got caught).

The latest spam attack attached itself to every single post. It took awhile to delete. If I see a lot more spam then I’ll need to moderate all the comments.

In the meantime, authors, feel free to delete the spam when you see it.

Can’t get away from the real world in online games

February 6th, 2005

From MSNBC, via Slashdot, what’s going on in massive multiplayer games boggles the mind.

A funny thing is happening in these sprawling online multiplayer arenas. The ultimate in digital escapism, virtual worlds keep ending up in the ultimate in depressing reality: the courts.

It goes onto to explain how players and game companies are engaging in legal battles over virtual activity. However, this is the quote that got me to sit up:

Digital sweatshops, businesses where [real]Third World laborers play online games 24/7 in order to create virtual goods that can be sold for cash, are also on the rise.

Apparently players can buy digital goods on sites like eBay as a way to enhance their playing experience. One such sweatshop produces digital weaponry that is then auctioned off for real money. To give you a sense of the kind of money we’re talking about, a digital island on eBay recently was auctioned for $30,000. That’s $30,000US in real money to buy a virtual piece of property.

For more information on virtual worlds and the law, check out the conference, State of Play.

To bring it back to the topic of the blog, I wonder if there is any environmental regulation in these digital worlds? Can we have a clean air act in EverQuest?

Death of Environmentalism gains currency

February 6th, 2005

The report I mentioned in an earlier post, The Death of Environmentalism, has made it into the NYTimes: Paper Sets Off a Debate on Environmentalism’s Future. These days the authors are receiving numerous speaking engagements. I’m sure that at the same the report’s become somewhat of a scourge of the left wing, it’s become a darling of the right wing.

Schrodinger’s cat gets away…

February 4th, 2005

Schrodinger's cat gets away

Another of Pete’s cat photos. Fortunately the box is more humane than a steel case. For more information on the classic problem in quantum mechanics, see The Interactive Schrodinger’s Cat

Edible Packaging

February 3rd, 2005

We know that packaging makes up a large portion of the waste stream today. A paper published by the American Society of Agricultural Engineers highlights a new type of edible packaging designed by the Agricultural Research Service together with the Western Regional Research Center. The edible packaging is made of food and vegetables, that can be used to store food and also can be eaten, and in themselves, contain nutritional benefits! It could not be used alone, though, in places with unsanitary conditions nor could it be used during transport and storage; however, it would ideally be used for packaging leftovers in the refrigerator, or food carried in a lunch bag. Considering 1.8 million tons of packaging waste is dumped into landfills each year, this may reduce some of the waste. Moreover, they were experimenting with different ingredients to make the film that would be the protective coating. They used apple puree, and various lipid-based concentrations.

A few years ago, during high school, I did a co-op program at the University of Western, and worked in a chemical laboratory, harvesting bacteria to make cellulose. Cellulose was originally found in fruits, (in Japan, it was first commericially harvested from a rotten black cherry), but today it is used in a variety of ways and across many sectors. Its strong and resilient, yet flexible properties makes it versatile, lending itself to products such as medical tools, wound dressings, personal hygiene products, and also it is used in low-fat drinks (it doesn’t have any calories, but it makes the drink thicker). I’m curious whether they’ve considered this type of technology for their use in edible packaging. They probably have…

What will it take?

February 3rd, 2005

Ok… well here we go, my first chance to steer away from the technological aspects of this course… although I don’t know how any blog can not be related to technology, due merely to the fact that a blog requires a fairly advanced combination of technology. This post relates to the intersection of nature and society.

So in searching for a blog to review I found a list of blogs related to the December ’05 tsunami, a natural (or was it?) disaster, occurring in South East Asia. I came across one blog that was a honey-mooning couples account of the seismological activity and resultant environmental and cultural effects. If you have the time to skim through this blog please pay special attention to the recurring theme: what happened to the couple’s luggage.

The point I want to make here, is that planet Earth just experienced one of the largest natural disasters in recent history, yet many of the human inhabitants of the Earth can not get past the idea that the tsunami may affect their cultural lives. The honey-mooning couple was worried about their luggage, locals are worried about rebuilding their homes, caring individuals are thinking about and helping the many orphaned children, but who is thinking about the state of the Earth?

With global climate change upon us, scientists are predicting that natural disasters will only happen more frequently and more intensely, drastically altering the Earth as we know it. What is the sake of culture if there is no place to host it?

What people all around the world need to start realizing is that these “natural disasters” may not be so natural at all… that is if you consider humans to be removed from nature. Human induced climate change is a real possibility – it may be that our own species is taking enjoyment (i.e. driving around their fancy cars, consuming factory made goods) from creating conditions that may prove only to deteriorate the cultural world as we know it. Hundreds, even thousands, of communities were demolished as a result of December’s tsunami – why wasn’t it yours or mine? What will it take for people to realize that we are our own demise?

No amount of warning signals (eg. Tsunami) or awareness attempts (eg. “The Day After Tomorrow”) seem to be working: I still see countless cars everyday carrying only one person and there is no shortage of goods requiring huge factory emissions for production. Societal stubbornness wins out again.

Wake up people!

Keyhole

February 3rd, 2005

Well, I basically just wasted my entire night playing with this program. If you have a Windows computer I really recommend playing with it for the week trial, all it asks for is your e-mail, and Google recently bought them, so hopefully they’re not too evil.

The program (Keyhole) is basically a big clickable zoomable map of the entire world, which streams information from the internet (so it loads as you go) about whatever you happen to be looking at, including borders, cities, and street names, altitude, latitude and longitude. For quite a few north american, and a few famous ones in the rest of the world, you can actually zoom in far enough to see individual people and cars! It’s extremely cool. Besides trying to find your house (which my roommates could), other fun things to zoom in and/or try to find: the Coliseum in Rome, Tiananmen Square in Beijing, the Statue of Liberty, the Eiffel Tower, and probably a lot more.

Anyways, it really is very cool, and if you happen to have a semi-decent windows computer, you should certainly check it out here.

Slashdot Review on the Cellphone Blog

February 2nd, 2005

The blog posted by “timothy” is fairly short, but brings up an interesting article regarding a study that was conducted at the University of Utah in which cell phone users have impaired driving skills. This link was also included in the blog and leads to the news article. I notice that whenever I walk on the sidewalk and someone is talking on their cell phone and approaching me, they always run into me, even if I stop and like go in the opposite direction…it bugs me. It’s funny though. Whereas, in the past we would see people talking to themselves on the street and think they were crazy, now we see people talking to themselves (with a hidden phone), and assume they’re fine.

The act of blogging leads me to a question, regarding intellectual property. If a person chooses to blog, and his or her ideas are made open to the public, can they claim it was their intellectual property, if someone else chooses to use his or her idea? And if so, are there any consequences for the person who uses their material in some way? How would one even monitor this…?

Lean and Green Article Response

February 2nd, 2005

Although he has pointed out some neat ideas towards building leaner greener cities, I think in part, it is mainly wishful thinking, because some of his approaches wouldn’t work long-term. For instance, he brings up an interesting point regarding transportation and demobilization. By restricting the amount of space for driving (taking away something of value), this will force drivers to look to other forms of transit that is less harmful and less destructive on the environment. Well this seems reasonable; however, his next argument goes against his first approach. He suggests we build poly-centric cities composed of “compact, multifunctional, pedestrian-scale neighborhoods interconnected by efficient transportation and telecommunication links” (Mitchell 150). Why build more roads when he specifically said to demobilize them? Even if neighbourhoods are interconnected by efficient transportation systems, when you build a new road, instead of reducing congestion (which may occur in the short term) rather it leads to long-term congestion, as people will switch to this new system, if it is faster and more efficient. Then as this road becomes congested, a new road is built, etc. until that one becomes congested. By decentralizing locations, this leads to what we call the suburb and urban sprawl, and encourages the use of private automobiles. I like the ideas about intelligent management, but I’m not sure if his ideas regarding the placement of transportation systems will likely lead to a long-term effective solution in terms of conservation.